An infant with localized vasoconstriction following topical propranolol exposure for infantile hemangioma

We describe a 3‐month‐old child with an infantile hemangioma on the forehead with a blanched macule provoked by topical treatment with propranolol. This observation demonstrates that topically applied (non‐selective) beta‐blockers may induce blanched macules at the site of application, a side effect due to peripheral vasoconstriction of blood vessels by non‐selective beta‐2 blockade. This side effect was linked due to overuse and was reversible. This case illustrates the importance of providing thorough instructions regarding topical propranolol application.     

Epilepsy and pregnancy: What should the neurologists do?

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic disorders affecting women of childbearing age. Unfortunately, many women with epilepsy (WWE) still report not receiving key information about pregnancy. They obviously need information about epilepsy and pregnancy prior to conception with a particular emphasis on effective birth control (i.e. contraception), necessity to plan pregnancy, antiepileptic drugs optimization, and folate supplementation. The risks associated with use of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy have to be balanced against fetal and maternal risks associated with uncontrolled seizures. This report reviews evidence-based counseling and management strategies concerning maternal and fetal risks associated with seizures, teratogenic risks associated with antiepileptic drug exposure with a special emphasis on developmental and behavioural outcomes of children exposed to intra utero antiepileptic drugs.     

CYP2C19*2、CYP2C19*3基因分型与急性缺血性脑卒中再发脑卒中的关系

目的探讨细胞色素P450药物代谢酶(CYP)2C19基因分型与氯吡格雷治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者再发脑卒中的关系。方法选取2018年5月—2018年12月常州市第一人民医院收治接受氯吡格雷治疗的159例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,检测患者入院后空腹外周血中CYP2C19*2,CYP2C19*3基因分型。对患者进行随访,随访截至2020年2月,观察再发脑卒中的情况,并分析CYP2C19*2,CYP2C19*3基因分型与再发脑卒中关系。结果随访时间14~22个月,平均随访时间为(18.2±1.5)个月,共7例患者失访,共20例(13.2%)患者复发缺血性脑卒中。再发脑卒中患者中CYP2C19*2 GG型及CYP2C19*3 GG型均低于无复发患者(P<0.05),CYP2C19*2 GA型,CYP2C19*2 AA型CYP2C19*3 GA型,CYP2C19*3AA型均高于无复发患者(P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier法并Log-rank检验结果显示,CYP2C19*2 GG型无复发时间长于AA型,差异有统计学意义(Log-rank=6.759,P=0.034)。CYP2C19*3GG型无复发时间长于AA型,差异有统计学意义(Log-rank x2=8.660,P=0.013)。多因素Cox分析结果显示,糖尿病、氯吡格雷抵抗,CYP2C19*2及CYP2C19*3基因型是再发脑卒中影响因素(P<0.05)。结论在接受氯吡格雷治疗急性缺血性脑卒中患者中,CYP2C19*2及CYP2C19*3突变型再发脑卒中的风险明显增高。     

Survival and Outcomes of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients Stratified by Transplant Status 2007-2018: Retrospective Analysis from the Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database

BackgroundConsiderable progress has been made in therapeutic options for multiple myeloma (MM). Understanding the current landscape of MM treatment options and associated outcomes in the real world is important in providing key insights into clinical and knowledge gaps which could be targeted for further optimization.MethodsThe Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database (CMRG-DB) is a prospectively maintained disease-specific database with >7000 patients. The objective of this study was to describe the trends in the treatment landscape and outcomes including early mortality, time to next treatment, and overall survival (OS) in each line of treatment stratified by autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) receipt among newly-diagnosed MM patients in Canada between 2007 and 2018.ResultsA total of 5154 patients were identified among which 3030 patients (58.8%) received an upfront ASCT and 2124 (41.2%) did not. At diagnosis, the median age was 64 years and 58.6% were males. Bortezomib and lenalidomide were most frequently used (>50%) in first and second-line treatment respectively among both the ASCT and non-ASCT cohort. The median OS was 122.0 months (95% Cl 115.0-135.0 months) and 54.3 months (95% CI 50.8-58.8 months) for the ASCT and non-ASCT cohort respectively with an incremental decrease in OS in each subsequent line of treatment.ConclusionWe present the largest study to date in the Canadian landscape showing the characteristics, therapy usage, and outcomes among MM patients. This information will be critical in benchmarking current outcomes and provide key insight into areas of unmet needs and gaps for improvement of MM patients nationally.     

Implementation of a Semistructured Clinical Event Documentation Tool for Acute Adverse Contrast Reactions

PurposeTo improve the efficiency and accuracy of clinicians documenting acute clinical events related to contrast agent administration using a web browser–based semistructured documentation support tool.MethodsA new tool called Contrast Incident Support and Reporting (CISaR) was developed to enable radiologists responding to contrast reactions to document inciting contrast class, type of event, severity of contrast reaction, and recommendation for future contrast use. Retrospective analysis was conducted of all CT and MRI examinations performed between February 2018 and December 2019 across our hospital system with associated contrast reaction documentation. Time periods were defined as before tool deployment, early adoption, and steady-state deployment. The primary outcome measure was the presence of event documentation by a radiologist. The secondary outcome measure was completeness of the documentation parameters.ResultsA total of 431 CT and MRI studies with reactions were included in the study, and 50% of studies had radiologist documentation during the pre-CISaR period. This increased to 66% during the early adoption period and 89% in the post-CISaR period. It took approximately 9 months from the introduction of CISaR to reach full adoption and become the main method for adverse contrast reaction documentation. The percentage of radiologist documentation that detailed provoking contrast agent class, severity of reaction, reaction type, and future contrast agent recommendation all significantly increased (P < .0001), with greater than 95% inclusion of each element.ConclusionThe implementation of a semistructured electronic application for adverse contrast reaction reporting significantly increased radiologist documentation rate and completeness of the documentation.